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Glassy Winged Sharpshooter

 

Homalodisca coagulata (Say) -- Homoptera:  Cicadellidae

 

{Also known as Homalodisca vitripennis (Germar)]

 

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       The Glassy Winged Sharpshooter invaded California about 1990 (Sorensen and Gill 1996),  French Polynesia in 1999 (Cheou 2002)] and Hawaii in 2004 (Hoover 2004).  Other major wine-growing parts of the South Pacific and Mediterranean area also became infested.

 

       Dr. Mark Hoddle of the University of California reported that naturally occurring parasitism of sharpshooter eggs was very low on the island of Mo’orea, the immediate neighboring island to Tahiti.  Surveys indicated that less than 2% of individual eggs were attacked by generalist egg parasitoids in just 4% of egg masses collected. Of those egg masses attacked, 44% of the eggs were parasitized.  Because only a few eggs in an egg mass were attacked (indicating inefficient and opportunistic exploitation) and only males were reared from sharpshooter eggs (which suggest poor host quality as females did not oviposit fertilized female eggs), and the wasp responsible for attacking sharpshooter egg masses was a species of platygasterid.  That is a  family that does not specialize on sharpshooter eggs, but will parasitize various species of leafhoppers.  This indicated there were no native specialized parasitoids attacking sharpshooter.  Consequently, sharpshooter populations in French Polynesia were free of the pressures associated with natural enemies with the result that this pest reached very high numbers in Tahiti.   Watery excreta known as sharpshooter rain, actually rained from infested trees because there were so many sharpshooters  feeding on trees.  Such high populations retarded plant growth and reduced local fruit production.  Furthermore, the use of shade trees was reduced because so much sharpshooter rain made them vulnerable to the intense tropical sun.  Finally, at night, high numbers of sharpshooters would be attracted to lights and then into buildings at night.   Then because dead adult sharpshooters would pile up in masses.  The wingbeats of adults flying past people also caused annoying sounds.  Some  adults would occasionally nip people with exposed skin.

 

       Reduction of sharpshooter populations on Tahiti followed the release of Gonatocerus ashmeadi that was verified by several samplings over seven months. 

 

REFERENCES

 

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Cheou, D.  2002. Incursion of glassy-winged sharpshooter Homalodisca coagulata in French Polynesia.  Plant Protection Service Pest Alert:  1.

 

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